Watching a Loved One Slip Away from Alzheimers Disease

When I was a child I watched as my grandfather passed away after battling with Alzheimers disease for more than fifteen years. During the time he was alive and I would visit him, I never understood why he was always in bed, and whenever I went to go see him he never remembered who I was. But after he died my mother attempted to explain to me that he was suffering from Alzheimers. The purpose of my paper is to gain a clearer comprehension of this horrible, debilitating disease that took my grandfather and countless other Americans away from their families. Alzheimers, the word strikes fear in some and an off-handed glance in others. The fact still remains that Alzheimer’s is an extremely shattering disease that removes the mind fraction by fraction over a period of time, this could even take decades. It begins as small memory lapses, slowly progressing to memory breaches but then progressively eroding your life to the point where around-the-clock care is the only option. With severe Alzheimers, as we almost hear daily that patients have wandered off and gotten lost. In my own life, my grandfather was not even able to recognize his family members. Alzheimers was a little known disease before 1960, but today it threatens to completely derail the health system in the United States. What is Alzheimer’s? Alzheimers disease is considered one of the many forms of age-related dementia. Previously the neurological community frequently referred toShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Rememberer By Aimie Bender758 Words   |  4 Pagesand care for Alzheimer’s disease patients. It exposes the overwhelming feelings of a woman, Annie, who witnesses her lover to get lost to the disease. What makes this story so timeless are the current statistics: according to the Alzheimer’s Association (https://www.alz.org/facts/), currently an estimated 5 million Americans have Alzheimer’s and 15 million Americans provide unpaid care for those people. Aimee Bender dramatically reveals the damaging effects of the Alzheimer’s disease on patients andRead MoreSymptoms Of Alzheimer s Disease2043 Words   |  9 Pagesthink one of the saddest day in my life was when I found out my father had Alzheimer’s disease. It took an emotional toll on me and my fami ly members. I believe Alzheimer is much harder on me and my loved ones than on my grandfather; because he was unaware of what was going on. It’s painful watching my grandfather degrade and get worse each and every day. The worst thing is that he doesn’t even know who I am anymore. In this paper I will discuss certain risk factors, background of Alzheimer’s, BackgroundRead MoreDementia Research Paper5756 Words   |  24 PagesUnderstanding Dementia and Alzheimers Disease Dealing with Dementia and the progression of Alzheimers disease through its three stages is often a daunting and distressing task. Most often relatives feel isolated and without help as if they were to be left alone, having no help to deal with the unknown. They are also afraid of having to watch their loved ones become more and more distant, potentially losing a horrible battle with this disease. In order to help with this fear of the unknownRead MoreThe Morality of Euthanasia Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesThe Morality of Euthanasia Technology has brought about drastic changes in the morality of today’s society. One organization it has greatly effected is the medical field. Few would argue with the fact that medical technology has greatly improved the quality of life. However, with doctors and other health care workers having the authority to contribute to both the patients’ well-being and inevitable death, society believes there should be limits to best serve the patient’s wishes. TheRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval

Post Colonial Theory Free Essays

Post Colonialism Theory To understand the post colonialism theory, I believe that we must first take a brief look at how we got here. In order to reach the post era, we first must walk through the challenges and lessons of those before us. How else would the history that we have to teach us today be there, how else would we have the literature to educate us? Colonialism was all about the newer, bigger, better lands and though these lands had natives already, they were Just another obstacle. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Colonial Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now They would befriend the natives and get them to teach them the ways of the land in order to live and survive off the land. Once they were self-sufficient, they would begin to try to conform the natives to their way of life as the proper way of life. They would teach them that they were living wrong and evil lives and would eventually turn against the natives when they did not conform to their way of life. Therefore switching roles from the colonized to the colonizers. In switching the roles of power and showing their true colors and purpose for being there, they showed their true nature for possession and power, for fear and hate. Throughout the texts that we have been studying, we see this over ND over again in the way that these characters move in and take over. As we look at the way Galoshes was possessive of his people and his land, we see the way he did as he pleased. He was known to be two thirds god and â€Å"a tyrant. † (Manson 15) As in those who are the colonizers, he was feared and not necessarily respected. He imposed his wishes and commands on his people and rather than living for them he forced them into submission, such as claiming his birthright, â€Å"the privilege of sleeping with their brides before the husbands were permitted. (Manson 15) as you see even now throughout the history books. It is a constant hunger for the power and desire of what is not ours that drives some. He lived this way for some time thinking that he is content until the farmer’s son brings him news of Unkind who is living in the forest with the animals as one. This is something new and undiscovered to hi m, but still not enough to get him totally worked up. Something untouched, something that he does not control or possess, so he sends the prostitute to see if he can disrupt it. It is in the continued thirst for power and possession that drives him to colonize in a way even Enkindles life in the ores. Galoshes is so bored, cold or immune to what he is doing that he forgot (Mason 17) that he has even done this and continues on with his life as he has done every day before that with no regard as to what impact he may have had on this man’s life or history. The Tempest we see Prospers exiled on an island and living as the kingpin so to speak, but as we read on, it was not always that way. He was yet another example of the colonized becoming the colonizer. He came to the island as a humble exile, fleeing with his daughter Miranda after his brother Antonio had beaten him and moved his titles, lands and wealth to teach him a lesson. He befriended an island imp named Clinical who teaches them how to live on the island and in turn Miranda teaches him to speak. Prospers magically binds Clinical as a slave after he turns on him and holds his release over his head as a continual show of power. Where once he was liked well enough, he is now referred to as â€Å"a villain† by Miranda (Shakespeare act 1, scene 2), it is funny how the role are reversed when your usefulness has worn off and you no long hold the upper hand. The same ways Prospers holds Ariel, but he does not mind since he freed him from a much more evil master. Colonized and colonizers are switching roles and taking on roles of the others in this story. Everyone wants the power, yet no one knows how to share it because each feels that the other is less superior. As we look at the idea that both of these men Just wanted the possession of what they were after in the story, was that truly what they were after? Are we sure they were not after something else? An author by the name of Edward Said argued that â€Å"a literary text seldom conveys only one message† (Baldwin/Quinn 10). Could it be that they were after friendship, after love, after revenge, after hatred, after immortality (whether it was to be remembered in name or to live on as a god), or was it Just to die where they came from? So let’s explore these options a little bit more. If we look to Galoshes, in changing the steps of Enkindles life with the prostitute, Unkind comes into his own and discovers who he is as a man and not Just animal by opening his eyes to his sexual nature and not Just his annalistic primal nature. Unkind comes to the city and challenges Galoshes to a man to man battle, which shows the release of anger and hate within them. The anger and hate was battled out for so long that upon the end of the battle it says they were exhausted. It states that when they stood, â€Å"He turned to Unkind who leaned against his shoulder and looked into his eyes and saw himself in the other, Just as Unkind saw himself in Galoshes† (Manson 24). If we look deeper into this quote from the book we see several things, we see love, we see friendship, and we could even see immortality of an everlasting soul mate. We see this love and friendship grow throughout the remainder of the story and most would say this is the main theme. They learn together, fight together, they even defy the gods together and therefore Galoshes is forced to pay the ultimate price for his part in that with the life of his friend and soul mate. Galoshes refuses to let go of his friend and the love the shared by bringing him back and puts himself through untold pain and toil to try to find a way to do so. He says, â€Å"l have been through grief! â€Å", â€Å"Even if there will be more of pain, and heat and cold, I will go on! † (Mason 57, 58). It is only when the serpent steals the plant and slithers away that he realizes he too must go back to whence he came. His search for immortality is lost. But is it? Is immortality everlasting life? Is it being known by name and story and being told over and over? Was his immortality the city that he had built and left behind as a legacy as we see him looking over in the beginning and the ending of his tale? I think that is up to our interpretation. If we take the same look at the Tempest as we did with the story of Galoshes, what would we see? We would see the love that Prospers had for his daughter Miranda and his desire to protect her from harm as he did on the island every day in is teaching and daily lessons. We see the love that he shows to Ariel although he is under his power he is gentle toward him, where with Clinical, he is rough and hateful. Prospers is very smart and calculated about how he gets his revenge. He does well not to kill or harm anyone to achieve it and wants to have those who have wronged him apologize. He even ensures the plan by involving his naive daughter and the love that she bears or will bear for Prince Ferdinand by having them married by the sacred beings. Once Prospers proved the treachery of Alonso, Antonio and Sebastian that had been done to him those 12 years ago and the revenge had been played out, love won over. All he wanted was to have them to hear them apologize and to be restored. This was not a tale of immortality, but again, not of one singular theme either. I suppose the argument that I could make here is that no matter how you look at these two amazing pieces of literature, there are so many different stories all wrapped up into one. It is much like our history, not matter what angle you are looking at it from, there is always someone that has another view on it or how it really appended, or something missed. I think, like postcolonial literature, there is much to be left to the imagination in how we interpret it. I believe that what the authors had in mind when they wrote these stories was to let the stories wander and to evolve to fit what would speak to the reader and not to be one track minded. The point of having an imagination is to use it and set it free, to be able to read these stories and to re-read them and find a different angle every time is the best part about it. I don’t believe that we were meant to stick to one specific theme, but to explore them all. Maybe you are not the type to explore them all at once, but next time you are thumbing through the pages, try looking at these stories from the prospective of more than one. It broadens the story and opens the plot to even more beauty and wonder of possibilities. How to cite Post Colonial Theory, Papers

System Engineering For Manager-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the System engineering for manager. Answer: Introduction A system can be defined as a collection of components or elements that are put together for a common purpose. The word system can be used to describe a plan in an organization or an organization itself. System engineering in management is a field of management that aims at effective management of assets and resources allocated in a system. In any system, implementation, in requires the coordination of the management and the technical players. Management in any system provides the planning, collaborative environment, organizational structure and the program controls system engineering in management aims at ensuring success in a system. It focuses on: scoping and defining customer needs, application of system specification progressively in a hierarchy while at the same time involving all sub-systems and continuous release, configuration, and change of the interface, sub-systems and the whole system. This paper seeks to look at the basic concepts of systems and systems engineering in management. The system to be considered is a public hospital. A hospital has many systems when looked from different points of view (Sullivan, 2007). At one point a hospital can be considered as a system comprising of the physical building, it can be considered as a system of interacting staff. A system of complex logistics and as a system of treating patients. In this paper, the public hospital is looked like a system of treating patients. The hospital serves the population of a city. The hospital which is run by the government has many suppliers who supply its various needs. The hospital provides its services to the residents of the city either at nominal charges or free of charge. The services provided include ambulances services, diagnostic and surgical services, outpatient services, emergency services and all the ancillary administrative services. The key stakeholders of the system Stakeholders in a health facility can be defined as entities in the health facility or the hospital environment that play a role in the facility performance or other entities that are affected by an action taken in the operations within the hospital (Sullivan, 2007). Stakeholders can also be groups or Persons have interest in the clinical services in the hospital. Stakeholders in a public hospital can be categorized into two main groups: external stakeholders and internal stakeholders (Bourlard, 2014). Some the key stakeholders in public hospital include: Stakeholder Perspective of the stakeholder towards the system Internal stakeholders Board members The board of members view themselves as having the sole responsibility to ensure that the system runs smoothly They carry the sole responsibility of ensuring that They recruit, retain, supervise and compensate the general manager. They understand that it is their role to provide direction in the running of the hospital. Develop a system that helps in governing the hospital system. They understand that they have a responsibility to protect the assets of the hospital. They control and monitor functions in the hospital. Board of members also perceive the hospital as a source of income as they get income from the government by running the facility effectively Government The government has the role to contribute funding to the hospital so as to ensure that all citizens have an access to free, affordable and quality health services. The government thus perceive the hospital as an avenue through which its objectives are met. The government also perceive the hospital as a source of employment to many people who work in the facility thus helping in reducing unemployment in the country. Key physicians They include: registered nurses, dentist and pharmacist. They perceive the hospital as they place of work. They take the hospital as their employer. They also perceive the hospital as a point that helps them use their expertise to save lives External stakeholders Patients They perceive the hospital system as a facility of improving their lives. They understand that the facility is run by the government and they should go seek all kind of treatment at no charge or at a nominal charge suppliers They take the hospital as a partner in business. Suppliers make profits when they supply different kind of goods and they are paid by the government. Special interested groups Special interest groups include human rights groups and Non-government organizations. These groups have a role to ensure that the government provides its citizens with quality affordable health. They thus perceive the hospital as an avenue through which this is possible. Figure 1: stakeholders with their perception toward the system Figure 2: Hospital management context diagram Subsystems of a Hospital management system A Subsystem can be defined as a complete system on its own.This means that whole system consists of subsystems of element or subsystems or parts. A hospital management system is a complex system that is made up of many subsystems that provide some services. Some the common subsystems in a public hospital include 1. Reception management system (Heagle, Heagle, Stowe, (Association), 2005), 2. Transaction processing management system 3. Report management system 4. Decision support management system 5. Office information management system 6. An integrated information management system. Figure 3: A high level hierarchy diagram Reception management system Hospital Reception module supports many duties of a receptionist. A hospital receptionist help in both back- and front-office duties (Heagle, Heagle, Stowe, (Association), 2005), this means that they need and should have the ability to interact with both the patients, healthcare professionals and visitors who visit the facility from time to time. One of the most fundamental roles of the receptionist in a health facility is to greet the patients and vendors. Other than this, the receptionist will be required to schedule appointments, respond to emails and answer phones. Medical receptionists in the hospital will also be required to be organized and know computer, the subsystem should be able to maintain databases and spreadsheets, and they also need to be competent in filing paperwork and patient charts. Other duties expected of this subsystem to the hospital include Keeping the inventory of all goods supplied and help in ordering stock Filling insurance forms Handling x-rays and lab work Preparing bills The emergence of Reception management system For the reception management system (subsystem) to make a useful contribution to the extensive hospital management system and thus ensure effective delivery of services to other stakeholders, the required emergence of this subsystem would be the introduction of cloud computing. Cloud computing allows an organization to streamline and improve all kind of processes. Introduction of cloud computing in reception management system will enable the hospital to optimize all its processes starting from project management, information backup to data organization (Heagle, Heagle, Stowe, (Association), 2005). Stakeholders Perception towards the private hospital Owners They are the sole decision makers in the hospital They may or may not employee hire the management Government The government see the hospital as a facility of helping in improving health services in the country the hospitals becomes the source of revenue to the government the government perceives the hospital as an employer to many of its citizen thus help in solving unemployment Patients Patients perceive the hospital as a facility of improving their health. Despite the high charges, many people tend to perceive private hospital as providing better services those public hospitals. Suppliers The suppliers perceive the hospital as a business partner. By making supplies to the hospital, the suppliers make huge profits. They prefer private hospital than public as they are no huge bureaucracy involved in making payments Financiers They perceive the hospital as a business partner as they provide financial assistance in form of capital for development and acquiring materials and gain income inform of interest. Interested parties They perceive the hospital as an avenue where citizen will get an access to quality health. They have a role to ensure that the services are of high quality. Key health professionals They perceive the hospital as their employer and a platform of them delivering quality services to the citizens thus saving lives. Figure 4: Stakeholders with their perceptions toward a private hospital Constraints of the new stakeholders In most cases, every stakeholder in the system benefits from the system in one way or the other. Every stakeholder thus may impose constraints that are meant to ensure that they benefit the most (Chase, 2003). The following are the constraints that the stakeholders may impose to the private hospital to ensure that they draw maximum benefits. Owners: the main reason for any entrepreneur investing his or her money in any project is to make profits. The owners of the hospital may reduce their spending on the project thus affecting its operations. The relationship between owners and other workers, patients seeking health services and all other stakeholders can have advanced effects on the system. Financiers: The financiers of any business such as financial institutions which provide loans to business hold the destiny of the business. The amounts of money the financiers decide to offer to a business determine the size of the business. The fate of the business also lies in the hands of the financiers until the initial amount given to the business is fully paid to the financial institutions. The financiers thus have a role in the running of the system until they get their money back. Reflection on key systemic issues succinctly stated The paper looked at the key stakeholders of a public hospital that is run by the government. The stakeholder is; the board of management that is liable for the overall running of the system. The government which is the service provider and thus should ensure that the hospital is run effectively by providing financing. Other stakeholders include; the patients, health professionals, interested parties and the suppliers The perception of each stakeholder on the system Different stakeholders look at a system from a different point of view. While the physicians look at the system as their employer, the patients see the system as a blessing to good health. On the other hand, to the suppliers, the system is a partner in their business. Context diagram for the hospital. The context diagram indicate all the key interfaces and the system boundary Some of the subsystems of the system, these subsystems include: Reception system, Transaction processing management system, Report management system, Decision support management system, Office information management system, Integrated information management system Stakeholders in a private hospital system: owners, government, suppliers, patients, financiers and interested parties. Constraints that the new stakeholders may impose on the operations a private hospital system. For the owners, reduced spending on the system may affect the operations. Owners' relationship with other stakeholders may also have an impact on the smooth running of the system. Financiers also can affect the operations of the system as they provide capital that they have to pay back with interest. References Bourlard, H. (2014). Multimodal Interactive Systems Management. EFPL Press. Chase, R. O. (2003). An introduction to Spanish for health care workers. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press,. Heagle, C., Heagle, R., Stowe, J., (Association), L. (2005). Receptionist training manual. Guelph, Ont.: Lifelearn,. Sullivan, C. F. (2007). Health care food service systems management . Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen Publishers,

Taming the Beast Pathological Narcissism and the Essay Example For Students

Taming the Beast: Pathological Narcissism and the Essay Quality of LifeSam Vaknins Psychology, Philosophy, Economics and Foreign Affairs Web SitesPart 1Many textbooks (and many patients ) claim that the psychodynamic therapies when applied to personality disorders are ineffective. Functional (cognitive, behavioral) treatments should be preferred in certain cases and regarding certain aspects of the disorder. To a Narcissist, I would recommend a beavioral-cognitive-functional and less protracted type of therapy. (1) Know and accept thyself. This is what you are. You are highly intelligent. You are very inquisitive. You are a Narcissist. These are facts. Narcissism is an adaptive mechanism. It is dysfunctional but it saves you from a LOT MORE dysfunction or even a-function. Make a list: what does it mean to be a Narcissist in your specific case? What are your typical behaviour patterns? Which types of behaviour are counterproductive, irritating, self-defeating or self-destructive? Which are productive, constructive and should be enhanced DESPITE their pathological origin?(2) Decide to suppress the first and to promote the latter. Construct lists of self-punishments, negative feedback and negative reinforcements. Impose them upon yourself when you exhibit one of the behaviours in the first list. Make a list of prizes, little indulgences, positive feedbacks and positive reinforcements. Use them to reward yourself when you display a behaviour of the second kind. We will write a custom essay on Taming the Beast: Pathological Narcissism and the specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (3) Keep doing this with the express intent of conditioning yourself. Be objective, predictable and just in the administration of both punishments and awards, positive reinforcements and feedback and negative ones. Learn to trust your inner court. Constrain the sadistic, immature and ideal parts of your personality (known as superego in psychoanalytic parlance) by the application of a uniform codex, a set of immutable and invariably applied rules. (4) Once sufficiently conditioned, monitor yourself incessantly. Narcissism is sneaky and it possesses all your resources because it is you. It is intelligent because you are. Beware and never lose control. With time this onerous regime will become a second habit and supplant the Narcissistic (pathological) superstructure. All the above can be amply summed by suggesting to you to become your own parent. This is what parents do and the process is called education or socialization. If your particular path to the adoption of this course is a particular therapy go ahead. As a metaphor, a narrative, no therapeutic approach is better or worse than any otherPart 2In the previous part we discussed the healing prospects of a Narcissist. yet, how can a False Self be anything but false? How can anyone on a permanent diet of reflections ever see true objects? How can the Narcissist whose essence is the devouring of meaningful others and their transformation into meaningless and other ever love?The answer is: discipline, decisiveness, clear targets, conditioning, justice. The Narcissist is the product of unjust, capricious and cruel treatment. He is the finished product of a production line of self recrimination, guilt and fear. He needs to take the antidote to counter the Narcissistic poison. Unfortunately, the re is no drug I know of which can ameliorate pathological Narcissism. Confronting one s parents and childhood is a good idea if the Narcissist feels that he is ready for it. Can he take it? Can he cope with new truths, however painful? The Narcissist must be careful. This is playing with fire. But if he feels confident that there is nothing that can be revealed to him in such a confrontation that he cannot withstand it is a good and wise move in the right direction. My advice to the Narcissist would then be: just dedicate a lot of time to rehearsing it and define well what is it exactly that you want to ask. Do not turn this into a monodrama, group dynamics or trial. Ask so that you shall be answered. Dont try to prove anything, to vindicate, to avenge, to take revenge, to win, to exculpate. Talk as you would with yourself. Do not try to sound professional, mature, intelligent, knowledgeable and distanced. There is no problem to solve just a condition to adjust yourself to. Think about it as diabetes. .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 , .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 .postImageUrl , .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 , .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517:hover , .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517:visited , .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517:active { border:0!important; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517:active , .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517 .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1929fe4d093d7a94e2c2a7de9899a517:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Winter - My Favorite Season EssayAt the risk of sounding heartless, I will make three concluding comments:(a) The Narcissist should take life in general and yourself, in particular, much less seriously. Being immersed in ones self and in ones condition is never the right recipe to functionality, let alone happiness. The world is a comic, absurd place. It is indeed a theater to be enjoyed. It is full of colors and smells and sounds to be treasured and cherished. It is varied and it accommodates and tolerates everyone and everything, even Narcissists. (b) The Narcissist should regard your condition as an advantage. I am NPD. So I write about it. My advice to the Narcissist would be: ask yourself what can you do with it? In Chinese the ideogram for crisis and opportunity is one and the same. Why dont you transform the curse in your life into a blessing in other peoples lives? Why dont you tell them your story, warn them, teach them how to avoid the same pitfalls, how to cope with the damage? Why dont you do all this in a more institutionalized manner? For instance, you can start a discussion group on the internet. You can establish Narcissists Anonymous in some community shelter (despite your temporary incapacity). You can open a correspondence network, a help center for women in your condition the possibilities are endless. And it will instill in you a regained sense of self worth, a purpose, self-confidence and reassurance. It is only by helping others that we can help ourselves. This is, of course, a suggestion not a prescription. But it demonstrates the ways in which you can derive power from adversity. (c) It is easy for the Narcissist to think about Pathological Narcissism as the source of all that is evil and wrong in his life. Narcissism is a catchall phrase, a conceptual scapegoat, an evil seed. It conveniently encapsulates the predicament of the Narcissist. It introduces logic and causal relations into his baffled, tumultuous world. But this is a trap. The human psyche is too complex to be captured by a single, all-encompassing explanation, however convincing. The road to self-help and self-betterment passes through numerous junctions and stations. Narcissism is the first and the foremost. But there are many other participants in the complex dynamics that is the soul of the Narcissist. The Narcissist should take responsibility for his life and not relegate it to some hitherto rather obscure psychodynamic concept. This is the first and most important step to healing. REFRRENCES:(1) Freud S. Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905) Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud Vol. 7 Hogarth Press, 1964(2) Horowitz M.J. Sliding Meanings: A defense against threat in narcissistic personalities International Journal of Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy 1975;4:167(3) Kernberg O. Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism Jason Aronson, 1975(4) Kohut M. The Analysis of the Self International Universities Press, 1971

buy custom Intellectual Property essay

buy custom Intellectual Property essay a) Issues Associated with Spam Email is considered one of the most efficient ways of communicating to customers, friends and employees. These days, unsolicited commercial emails (spam) make a large percentage of emails. One can get spammed for many reasons including; personal, commercial, criminal, political and religious reasons. Spam are kind of electronic junk mail or junk news group postings. Spam not only waste peoples time but do also eat up a lot of network bandwidth. Spam has been found to be one of the biggest challenge facing internet users, service providers and corporations. It has led to wastage of billions of money in network resources, forgone Internet sales and diminishing productivity. b) Impacts of changing technology on intellectual property issues There has been an ongoing debate on the impact of technological progress on IPR. With this regard, one empirical literature suggests that technological hindrances have conventionally offered protection to intellectual property. With the recent rapid technological change, the technological barriers among people are reducing at a faster rate as people become IT literate. This has impacted negatively on the process of IPR protection as the number of people using materials unsuitably increases. Technological shifts have especially impacted negatively on the enterainment industry where the protection of IPR has been violated to a great extent. However, technological progress has also impacted positively on IPR protection. It is important to note that prior to invention of the printing press in the 13th century, intellectual material copying was entirely manual and hence cumbersome. This had failed to offer adequate protection to intellectual property. The introduction of the printing pres s raised the level of protection to the intellectual property. c) Copyright laws and its impact on information systems According to copyright laws, an author owns the exclusive rights to his/her composition. The composition is protected for many years. In this case the composition is considered to be an intellectual property. The copyright may be transferred, sold, or inherited but the copyright still endures. Copy right laws have impacted on information technology in various ways. This is because the copyright Acts exclusive rights provision gives a developer and a publisher the right to control unauthorized exploitation of their work. A person is supposed to secure protection of what he/she has come up with. Copy right protection has promoted the progress of science and useful Arts. d) Software piracy Issue Software piracy is an illegal business and is associated with ownership of information. Software piracy leads to a heavy loss of revenue, spread of malware and computer hacking. Nowadays, software is being leased rather than being sold. The lease is often for a limited time and is renewed in order for one to continue using the product. Software piracy includes downloading unlicensed copies of software from the internet, making copies of disks, selling counterfeit online or elsewhere, using counterfeit or unlicensed copies or installation of one licensed copy of software onto multiple computers. e) Issues for software developers Since software is usually expensive, it is imperative to clearly understand the IPR issues related to them. There have emerged several trends in relation to IPR for software. First is the issue of multiple developers. If software has been developed by more than one software developer, all the developers have the right over that software and as such, they must join hands as co-authors of the software in question in obtaining IPR. The second issue relating to IPR for software developers is the issue of rights for software developing companies. To this effect, an owner of a company that develops software may have not been granted the civil rights to his own corporation. Finally, it is possible to sell software via a different company that is independent from the developing company. Buy custom Intellectual Property essay

Arthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman Essay -- Tragedy, Death of a Salesm

Many times during the play, Willy drifts in and out of flashbacks. Most of these occur during the period when Biff was in high school, and foreshadow the events of the present. For instance, in one of the flashbacks, Biff â€Å"borrows† a football from the locker room, and is told by Willy, â€Å"Coach’ll probably congratulate you on your initiative.† Obviously, Willy rationalizes Biff’s behavior in addition to his own. In the same flashback, Willy asks Biff, â€Å"What do they say about you in school, now that they made you captain?† Willy proudly hears that Biff has a crowd of followers in the halls between classes, and is well on his way to becoming well-liked and successful. The reason Willy tries to maintain the guise of success is to not disappoint his boys who admire him. He wants the best for Biff and Happy; deep down, he hopes that their lives will be better than his. During the play, Willy loses touch with himself, evidenced by his numerous contradictions. In one scene, he mention... ... middle of paper ... ...by the character of Charley, the Loman’s neighbor. He is Willy’s only friend, and offers him a job when the old salesman is fired. Willy’s egotism gets in the way, however, and he cannot bring himself to work for Charley, since this would be admitting failure. Charley symbolizes reality- a reality that Willy never acknowledges. Death of a Salesman is one of America’s most tragic plays, because it tells of disappointment, failure, and death. Ultimately, Willy wastes his adult years trying- unsuccessfully- to prove his worth. He has a misguided philosophy that he passes on to his two children, and can no longer distinguish between reality and illusion. The story of Willy Loman will remain popular because it serves as a warning to all: the question to be asked upon retiring from an occupation is not, â€Å"What does the person know?† but rather, â€Å"What has the person become?†

DNR Surgical Patients Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DNR Surgical Patients - Essay Example It also discusses the legal and moral implications of anesthesia practice and how these implications eventually affect the decision-making process of both the patient and the attending medical health care team. I can apply the information in this article to my clinical practice because I can use the results revealed by this study in considering options for DNR patients. In my anesthesia practice, I can be more prudent of patient’s needs and of their choices. I would be more interested in explaining to them the different ways in which a DNR order may be carried out. I can apply this information into my practice by becoming more conscious of the options that I explain to patients. Each choice may be different for every patient, and as such, I should treat them as individuals. Even when patients share similar ailments, they may not always make the same choices. Therefore, it is important, as a medical health professional, for me to treat each patient based on his individual circumstances and on the individual choices he is making. I can also apply the information from this article to my clinical practice in the sense that I now have the opportunity to become more patient-centered and m ore evidence-based. In the current medical practice where there are so many available treatments for patients, this article will help emphasize rational and client-centered approaches to treatment. I have learned from this article that it is important for me to note that policies which automatically suspend DNR orders may not always adequately address a patient’s right to self-determination. In these instances, therefore, it is important for me to encourage preoperative review with my patients and with the other members of the health care team. By reviewing the options with the patients, it may be possible for these patients to opt for medical interventions which will make their lives comfortable. I have also learned that my viewpoint as a medical health

The Statement and Limitations of the Reasoning Essay

The Statement and Limitations of the Reasoning - Essay Example Therefore I exist† is used in one place by Descartes in his Discourse on the Method, part 4, paragraph 1, where he says, â€Å"I noticed that while I was thus trying to think everything false, it was necessary that I, who was thinking this, was something. And observing that this truth "I am thinking, therefore I exist" was so firm and sure that all the most extravagant suppositions of the skeptics were incapable of shaking it, I decided that I could accept it without scruple as for the first principle of the philosophy I was seeking†. Descartes observed that there were several conflicts in philosophy, state Skirbekk and Gilje (2001), and according to him the only certain method was the deductive mathematical method. It became the determining factor in his philosophy. In a deductive system, the conclusions are of little value if the premises are uncertain and only half-true. If philosophy is to be a deductive system like Euclid’s geometry, completely true premises or axioms should be found. According to Moorman (1943), Descartes synthesized Mathematics with Philosophy. The scientific system that Descartes borrowed from Mathematics and from deductive components of the scientific method, led to the deductive philosophical system in which absolutely certain propositions had to be found. â€Å"The cogito was an axiomatic statement, one of identity†. Descartes gave objective reality to a geometrical extension. The Cogito argument is represented as a compelling intuition about ourselves in relation to the physical world, and it has a close connection with the improbability of materialism, states Slezak (1983). Ayer (1953) agrees with Descartes that the proposition â€Å"I am thinking, therefore I exist† cannot be doubted. Descartes’ methodical doubt is a means of filtering out all the propositions that one logically can doubt in order to find the propositions that are logically beyond doubt, and these propositions can be used as premises in the deductive system.  

Informed Consent Form Essay Example for Free

Informed Consent Form Essay The purpose of this research is to study the attitude of males towards police on campus. You will be asked questions which might make some people feel uncomfortable, while it may be pleasant for others. Should you wish to withdraw your participation you are free to do so at any time. The identity of participants will remain strictly confidential. It will be masked in all written reports and transcripts of tapes. All interviews will be taped and transcribed and only the investigator will have access to the tapes. After six months from the date of the interview each tape will be erased. This research project will not be published. I have read the above description of this research project and have a satisfactory understanding of what my participation will involve. The investigator has answered my questions regarding this project. I consent to take part in this investigation. If you have further questions regarding this research please feel free to contact (Your name) (Investigator) at (209) 830-9284.

Hydro :: essays research papers

Many differing opinions exist on what needs to be done about our current status of conserving energy and conserving our environment. With increased gas prices and energy costs, consumers are more aware of what benefits are available and the methods of obtaining them. The introduction of hydropower has been a major step for some, while a stumbling back for others. Advocates for hydropower have provided much information about the many benefits that we reap from using hydroelectric dams. Environmental activists denounce the many negatives that are created by the numerous dams located throughout the United States as well as other countries. Both sides present valid arguments and need to be addressed in order to fully understand the complex social, biological, political, and economic pros and cons. Dams operate by using water as its main source of power. They produce power from fast volumes of moving water that turns a generator. This falling water at one gallon of water per second, can create one kilowatt of electrical power if it falls one hundred feed. When water behind a dam is released, it runs through a pipe called a penstock, which then delivers it to the turbine. Different shapes are used on these turbines, but are generally created to harness kinetic force of the moving water as well as the water pressure. Another use of hydropower is pumped storage. In pumped storage plants, water is pumped from low resevoirs to a higher reservoir during off peak times, using electricity from different types of generators. Operators release it back into the lower reservoir through turbines if power is needed. Some power is initially lost, but pumped storage systems can be about 80 percent efficient. Sometimes it's important to meet power demands where hydro plants have an advantage in their abilities when they also have reservoirs. Most plants may only produce hydro power all the time and can't be adjusted when it comes to wanting more power in times of need. Whereas hydro plants with dams save up the water and allow it to flow only during peak times. These peak times can be beneficial to whitewater enthusiasts, but can also inhibit fishing opportunities because of the increased water flow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States is one of the largest producers of hydropower in the world, second only to China. Hydroelectric power is the largest source of renewable electricity in the world and in the United States. Hydro :: essays research papers Many differing opinions exist on what needs to be done about our current status of conserving energy and conserving our environment. With increased gas prices and energy costs, consumers are more aware of what benefits are available and the methods of obtaining them. The introduction of hydropower has been a major step for some, while a stumbling back for others. Advocates for hydropower have provided much information about the many benefits that we reap from using hydroelectric dams. Environmental activists denounce the many negatives that are created by the numerous dams located throughout the United States as well as other countries. Both sides present valid arguments and need to be addressed in order to fully understand the complex social, biological, political, and economic pros and cons. Dams operate by using water as its main source of power. They produce power from fast volumes of moving water that turns a generator. This falling water at one gallon of water per second, can create one kilowatt of electrical power if it falls one hundred feed. When water behind a dam is released, it runs through a pipe called a penstock, which then delivers it to the turbine. Different shapes are used on these turbines, but are generally created to harness kinetic force of the moving water as well as the water pressure. Another use of hydropower is pumped storage. In pumped storage plants, water is pumped from low resevoirs to a higher reservoir during off peak times, using electricity from different types of generators. Operators release it back into the lower reservoir through turbines if power is needed. Some power is initially lost, but pumped storage systems can be about 80 percent efficient. Sometimes it's important to meet power demands where hydro plants have an advantage in their abilities when they also have reservoirs. Most plants may only produce hydro power all the time and can't be adjusted when it comes to wanting more power in times of need. Whereas hydro plants with dams save up the water and allow it to flow only during peak times. These peak times can be beneficial to whitewater enthusiasts, but can also inhibit fishing opportunities because of the increased water flow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The United States is one of the largest producers of hydropower in the world, second only to China. Hydroelectric power is the largest source of renewable electricity in the world and in the United States.

How does John Steinbeck portray racism in ‘Of Mice And Men’ Essay

From the 17th Century, when the first settlers arrived, immigrants dreamed of a better life in America. People went there to escape from discrimination or poverty, and to make a new life for themselves or their families. They dreamed of making their fortunes in the goldfields. For many the dream became a nightmare. The horrors of slavery, of the American Civil War, the growth of towns with slums as bad as those in Europe, and the corruption of the American political system led to many shattered hopes. For the American society as a whole the dream ended with the Wall Street crash of 1929. This was the start of the Great Depression that would affect the whole world during the 1930s. However the dream survived in the hope of individuals. Thousands made their way west to California to escape from their farmlands in the mid-West. George and Lennie dreamt of there ‘little house and a couple of acres’. However, between 1929 – 39 there was a general world destine in trade and prosperity. A great deal of money had been spent on the First World War, and countries found themselves in debt. Lots of American lost their jobs. They joined bands of wandering farmers, looking for work. The farm owners of California found that they could pay very low wages, and expect men to work for long hours, as the demand for work was so great. The men were only needed for short periods at a time, for harvesting and so they had to travel around for work. On October 24, 1929, the stock market crashed. Prices began to decline early in the day, triggering a selling panic in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). This caused the loss of jobs of various workers, black or white. It was very hard for the workers to find a job elsewhere in any other farms, just like George and lennie. These kinds of workers were called itinerant workers. The coming months saw no recovery. The racism, which Martin Luther King talks about in his famous â€Å"I had a dream speech†, states that white men think they have got power over black people. That all men are created equally, and no one differs from each other. The black people have to give up their seats if a white person comes on to the bus and there is no space left. Also black people were not allowed to shop in the same place as white people. And black people had to send their children to a different school to the white people. This is an example of segregation and isolation. Crooks demands isolation because he is black and wants to live alone. He is also called names † nigger â€Å". He is proberly one of the most disliked people in the story because of the colour of hes skin. But still people say crooks the † nigger † is a really nice fellow at the same time. I think they just call him that because at that time they could say or do anything to a nigger and still get away with it. The white boys did not want to sleep in the same room as a black man. I just totally disagree with this because you should not judge a perosn by the colout of the skin. Also crooks himself does not want to sleep with them because of the way the white boys have treated him. Crooks him self is a stable buck which is a very low classed job even at that time. The white boys call crooks † crooks † because as a stable buck he waz kicked on the back by a horse and he is now got a crooked back. Also the white lads have made crooks fight on christmas day with smitty just so he can sit down and have a drink with the white boys on christmas day. I think that is not acceptable because crooks is already hurt hes back from the accident with the horse and on top of that he had to have a fight with smitty with that injury when smitty was perfectly fine. All they did do was that they tyied hes hands behind hes back so he could not punch crooks but can only kick him. This first starts when crooks privacy is invaded by lennie. When lennie enters crooks room without no permission from crooks to cum into the room. Crooks is not very happy when lennie enters the room and says ‘you got no right to come in my room. This here’s my room. Nobody got no rights in here but me’! Crooks says all of this because he is not really happy with lennies presents in the room. As lennie stays longer and longer he starts to find out that lennie is dumb and crooks thinks to him self that he has got the upper hand on lennie. Crooks for the first time has got power over someone and that’s a white man. Then lennie gets up and says to crooks ‘why are you not liked on the ranch’ and crooks replys by saying ‘its just because I’m BLACK! Crooks means by this quote that the white men on the ranch do not like him. And also crooks has got nobody to talk to because crooks is the only † nigger † on the ranch. Then lennie quickly changes the subject and starts talking about the dream him and George have got. But all crooks thinks is hes † crazy â€Å". He thinks this because he thinks that lennie doesn’t know what he is talking about. Crooks taunts lennie thaat George is not going to come back. And crooks also says he might even get hurt. After crooks has said that † crooks face lightened up with pleasure in his torture. After crooks has said lennie quickly gets to hes feet and says † nothing is going to happen to come George he si going to come back safe†. Crooks is really frightened when lennis says’s that and crooks moves further up hes bed and rests hes hands on hes knees. The reason for crooks out burst like that is because all crooks is trying to do is trying to make someone feel like how crooks is feeling by telling lennie when the other boys on the ranch play horse shoe he has to stay in hes room and read a book when he would rather be playing horse shoe with the other workers on the ranch. Crooks is trying say just because i am black they don’t let me play horseshoe. Crooks is trying to gain sympthy from lennie but lennie does not really understand what crooks is trying to say to him. So lennie doesn’t really feel sorry for him because he doesn’t know what going on. So lennie can’t really feel sorry for crooks because he is lost him self in other words. The workers on the ranch describe crooks as a † nigger † one second and the other second they be saying he is a † very nice fella â€Å". I think my self that crooks is a very good person and stays quiet throught the book but it is just because of the colour of hes skin he is treated like dirt. Even thought crooks is proberly the most educated person on the farm. Crooks has got a dictionary which is described as † battered† and † ripped â€Å"and hes also got some † tatered † magazines. Also crooks has got some reading books, which are described, as † dirty â€Å". And all of these things go on a special shelf over hes bunk. When crooks read these books he feels † proud † and really † important † because at this time not much people could read or write. And on top of all that hes a † nigger â€Å". When we first meet crooks I thought he waz a nasty man because of hes posture and hes colour of hes skin. But looks can be dece-ving because he turned out to be a very well educated person and also soft hearted. It was very unusal for a black man to read or write in these in these times even so most of the white men could not read or write. I really feel sorry for crooks because he is alll alone and must feel really isolated at times or most of the time. And he has got no company at all and he aint even got no one to talk to at all because hes black. If you ask me I think that is really unacceptable because no one should be left alone for that reason. He aint got no friends to say † hello † too all because of the colour of hes skin. The white boys always pick him on. And even thought it aint hes fault most of the things are blamed on him. Also when the boss is feeling really mad he takes it all out on crooks and crooks just gets shouted at for no reason at all. Crooks on the hireachy he is right at the bottom and hes got no power at all. Even thought he has been one of the people who has been working there the longest and he has been loyal to boss. Curley’s wife, the attention seeker always flirts with other prople on the ranch because her husband is always at the cathouse or out and about. And is never at home to care about her. Curley’s wife is one of the most powerful people in the hireachy because she is married to the boses son. She tries to have some comfort with other people. This is because her husband takes no notice of her apart from the sex. She is used for an object of sex. When crooks reailses that his chances of being in the dream looked very slim and he crawled back defeated because he can’t say anything to Curley’s wife at all because she has got all the power. She can get him hung from a tree so easy, she can jus say that he waz flirting with me and that’s it he would get hung. If that was a white person being prosequted they would give him a trial and would be taken to court but just because he is black they would just get him hung without any proof he did it or not. Going back to the initial question, I think that john Steinbeck doesn’t throw the thought of ‘racism’ in our face. He just hints of the idea and makes do the rest of the thinking. This is proved whenthe worker calls him a ‘nigger’ and also a ‘nice fella’. We had do some thinking to find out that the word ‘nigger is used so much that the workers don’t even think of what the word means.

Genres Of Literature Essay

Genres of literature are important to learn about. The two main categories separating the different genres of literature are fiction and nonfiction. There are several genres of literature that fall under the nonfiction category. Nonfiction sits in direct opposition to fiction. Examples from both the fiction and nonfiction genres of literature are explained in detail below. This detailed genres of literature list is a great resource to share with any scholars. Types of Nonfiction: Narrative Nonfiction is information based on fact that is presented in a format which tells a story. Essays are a short literary composition that reflects the author’s outlook or point. A short literary composition on a particular theme or subject, usually in prose and generally analytic, speculative, or interpretative. A Biography is a written account of another person’s life. An Autobiography gives the history of a person’s life, written or told by that person. Often written in Narrative form of their person’s life. Speech is the faculty or power of speaking; oral communication; ability to express one’s thoughts and emotions by speech, sounds, and gesture. Generally delivered in the form of an address or discourse. Finally there is the general genre of Nonfiction. This is Informational text dealing with an actual, real-life subject. This genre of literature offers opinions or conjectures on facts and reality. This includes biographies, history, essays, speech, and narrative nonfiction. Nonfiction opposes fiction and is distinguished from those fiction genres of literature like poetry and drama which is the next section we will discuss. Genres of Fiction: Drama is the genre of literature that’s subject for compositions is dramatic art in the way it is represented. This genre is stories composed in verse or prose, usually for theatrical  performance, where conflicts and emotion are expressed through dialogue and action. Poetry is verse and rhythmic writing with imagery that evokes an emotional response from the reader. The art of poetry is rhythmical in composition, written or spoken. This genre of literature is for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. Fantasy is the forming of mental images with strange or other worldly settings or characters; fiction which invites suspension of reality. Humor is the faculty of perceiving what is amusing or comical. Fiction full of fun, fancy, and excitement which meant to entertain. This genre of literature can actually be seen and contained within all genres. A Fable is a story about supernatural or extraordinary people Usually in the form of narration that demonstrates a useful truth. In Fables, animals often speak as humans that are legendary and supernatural tales. Fairy Tales or wonder tales are a kind of folktale or fable. Sometimes the stories are about fairies or other magical creatures, usually for children. Science Fiction is a story based on impact of potential science, either actual or imagined. Science fiction is one of the genres of literature that is set in the future or on other planets. Short Story is fiction of such briefness that is not able to support any subplots. Realistic Fiction is a story that can actually happen and is true to real life. Folklore are songs, stories, myths, and proverbs of a person of â€Å"folk† that was handed down by word of mouth. Folklore is a genre of literature that is widely held, but false and based on unsubstantiated beliefs. Historical Fiction is a story with fictional characters and events in a historical setting. Horror is an overwhelming and painful feeling caused by literature that is frightfully shocking, terrifying, or revolting. Fiction in which events evoke a feeling of dread in both the characters and the reader. A Tall Tale is a humorous story with blatant exaggerations, swaggering heroes who do the impossible with an here of nonchalance. Legend is a story that sometimes of a national or folk hero. Legend is based on fact but also includes imaginative material. Mystery is a genre of fiction that deals with the solution of a crime or the unraveling of secrets. Anything that is kept secret or remains unexplained or unknown. Mythology is a type of legend or traditional narrative. This is often based in part on  historical events, that reveals human behavior and natural phenomena by its symbolism; often pertaining to the actions of the gods. A body of myths, as that of a particular people or that relating to a particular person. Fiction in Verse is full-length novels with plot, subplots, themes, with major and minor characters. Fiction of verse is one of the genres of literature in which the narrative is usually presented in blank verse form. The genre of Fiction can be defined as narrative literary works whose content is produced by the imagination and is not necessarily based on fact. In fiction something is  feigned, invented, or imagined; a made-up story. Basic Parts of Essay Introductory Paragraph The introductory paragraph accomplishes three purposes: it captures the reader’s interest, it suggests the importance of the essay’s topic, and it ends with a thesis sentence. Often, the thesis sentence states a claim that consists of two or more related points. For example, a thesis might read: A college essay has an introductory paragraph, several body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph. You are telling the reader what you think are the most important points which need to be addressed in your essay. For this reason, you need to relate the introduction directly to the question or topic. A strong thesis is essential to a good essay, as each paragraph of your essay should be related back to your thesis or else deleted. Thus, the thesis establishes the key foundation for your essay. A strong thesis not only states an idea, but also uses solid examples to back it up. A weak thesis might be: Wikipedia is a powerful resource in many ways. As an alternative, a strong thesis for the same topic would be: Wikipedia is a powerful resource because it allows users with knowledge in a specific area toshare  their knowledge, because it allows users to quickly find information about a vast array of topics, and because studies have confirmed that it is as accurate as any other encyclopedia. Then, you could separate your body paragraphs into three sections: one explaining the open-source nature of the project, one explaining the variety and depth of information, and a final one using studies to confirm that Wikipedia is indeed as accurate as other encyclopedias. Tips Often, writing an introductory paragraph is the most difficult part of writing an essay. Facing a blank page can be daunting. Here are some suggestions for getting started. First, determine the context in which you want to place your topic. In other words, identify an overarching category in which you would place your topic, and then introduce your topic as a case-in-point. For example, if you are writing about dogs, you may begin by speaking about friends, dogs being an example of a very good friend. Alternatively, you can begin with a sentence on selective breeding, dogs being an example of extensive selective breeding. You can also begin with a sentence on means of protection, dogs being an example of a good way to stay safe. The context is the starting  point for your introductory paragraph. The topic or thesis sentence is the ending point. Once the starting point and ending point are determined, it will be much easier to connect these points with the narrative of the opening paragraph. A good thesis statement, for example, if you are writing about dogs being very good friends, you could put: A dog is an example of a very good friend because X, Y, and Z. Here, X, Y, and Z would be the topics explained in your body paragraphs. In the format of one such instance, X would be the topic of the second paragraph, Y would be the topic of the third paragraph,  and Z would be the topic of the fourth paragraph, followed by a conclusion, in which you would summarize the thesis statement. Example As we travel through our lives, we will identify many people as friends. In truth, most of these individuals are simply acquaintances. They will enter and depart from our existences as matters of mutual convenience. True friends will be there for you always. There is no friend truer than a dog. Identifying a context can help shape the topic or thesis. Here, the writer decided to write about dogs. Then, the writer selected friends as the context, dogs being good examples of friends. This shaped the topic and narrowed the focus to dogs as friends. This would make writing the remainder of the essay much easier because it allows the writer to focus on aspects of dogs that make them good friends. Body Paragraphs Each body paragraph begins with a topic sentence. If the thesis contains multiple points or assertions, each body paragraph should support or justify them, preferably in the order the assertions originally stated in the thesis. Thus, the topic sentence for the first body paragraph will refer to the first point in the thesis sentence and the topic sentence for the second body paragraph will refer to the second point in the thesis sentence. Generally, if the thesis sentence contains three related points, there should be three body paragraphs, though you should base the number of paragraphs on the number of supporting points needed. If the core topic of the essay is the format of college essays, the thesis sentence might read: A college essay has an introductory paragraph, several body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph. The topic sentence for the first body paragraph might read: The first paragraph of an essay is the introductory paragraph. Sequentially, the topic sentence for the second body paragraph might read: The introductory paragraph is followed by several body paragraphs. And the topic sentence for the third body paragraph might read: The college essay’s final paragraph is its concluding paragraph. Everybody paragraphs uses specific details, such as anecdotes, comparisons and contrasts, definitions, examples, expert opinions, explanations, facts, and statistics to support and develop the claim that its topic sentence makes. Tips When writing an essay for a class assignment, make sure to follow your teacher or professor’s  suggestions. Most teachers will reward creativity and thoughtful organization over dogmatic adherence to a prescribed structure. Many will not. If you are not sure how your teacher will respond to a specific structure, ask. Organizing your essay around the thesis sentence should begin with arranging the supporting elements to justify the assertion put forth in the thesis sentence. Not all thesis sentences will, or should, lay out each of the points you will cover in your essay. In the example introductory paragraph on dogs, the thesis sentence reads, â€Å"There is no friend truer than a dog. † Here, it is the task of the body paragraphs to justify or prove the truth of this assertion, as the writer did not specify what points they would cover. The writer may next ask what characteristics dogs have that make them true friends. Each characteristic may be the topic of a body paragraph. Loyalty, companionship, protection, and assistance are all terms that the writer could apply to dogs as friends. Note that if the writer puts dogs in a different context, for example, working dogs, the thesis might be different, and they would be focusing on other aspects of dogs. It is often effective to end a body paragraph with a sentence that rationalizes its presence in the essay. Ending a body paragraph without some sense of closure may cause the thought to sound incomplete. Each body paragraph is something like a miniature essay in that they each need an introductory sentence that sounds important and interesting, and that they each need a good closing sentence in order to produce a smooth transition between one point and the next. Body paragraphs can be long or short. It depends on the idea you want to develop in your paragraph. Depending on the specific  style of the essay, you may be able use very short paragraphs to signal a change of subject or to explain how the rest of the essay is organized. Do not spend too long on any one point. Providing extensive background may interest some readers, but others would find it tiresome. Keep in mind that the main importance of an essay is to provide basic background on a subject and, hopefully, to spark enough interest to induce further reading. Example A true friend will be there for you whenever you need them. Any dog owner will say that there is nobody that will stick with you through thick and thin as much as a dog. My own dog can barely contain her joy when I come home from a hard day. Regardless of my mood, and my attitude towards her, she is always happy when I am home, and that is usually enough to make me feel better about everything. True friends will help you when you are in need. Whether it is to protect their owner against some sort of threat or to help a blind person walk across the street, dogs are the most reliable companion a person could have. Few villains would attack a person walking a dog at night, and statistics show that homes with dogs are among the least likely to be broken into. The above example is a bit free-flowing and the writer intended it to be persuasive. The second paragraph combines various attributes of dogs including protection and companionship. Here is when doing a little research can also help. Imagine how much more effective the last statement would be if the writer cited some specific statistics and backed them up with a reliable reference. Concluding Paragraph The concluding paragraph usually restates the thesis and leaves the reader something about the topic to think about. If appropriate, it may also issue a call to act, inviting the reader to take a specific  course of action with regard to the points that the essay presented. Aristotle suggested that speakers and, by extension, writers should tell their audience what they are going to say, say it, and then tell them what they have said. The three-part essay model, consisting of an introductory paragraph, several body paragraphs, and a concluding paragraph, follows this strategy. Tips As with all writing, it is important to know your audience. All writing is persuasive, and if you write with your audience in mind, it will make your argument much more persuasive to that particular audience. When writing for a class assignment, the audience is your teacher. Depending on the assignment, the point of the essay may have nothing to do with the assigned topic. In most class assignments, the purpose is to persuade your teacher that you have a good grasp of grammar and spelling, that you can organize your thoughts in a comprehensive manner, and, perhaps, that you are capable of following instructions and adhering to some dogmatic formula the teacher regards as an essay. It is much easier to persuade your teacher that you have these capabilities if you can make your essay interesting to read at the same time. Place yourself in your teacher’s position and try to imagine reading one formulaic essay after another. If you want yours to stand out, capture your teacher’s attention and make your essay interesting, funny, or compelling. Example It is no accident that many people consider their dogs as part of their family. Just like every other member, dogs contribute to the happiness and well-being of the home, making the burdens of caring for them well worth the effort. Dogs deserve love and respect every bit as much as they love and respect us. After all, what more can a friend be? In the above example, focus shifted slightly and talked about dogs as members of the family. Many would suggest it departs from the logical organization of the rest of the essay, and some teachers may consider it unrelated and take points away. However, contrary to the common wisdom of â€Å"tell them what you are going to say, say it, and then tell them what you have said,† you may find it more interesting and persuasive to shift away from it as the writer did here, and then in the end, return to the core point of the essay. This gives additional effect to what an audience would otherwise consider a very boring conclusion.

Pompeii - Archaeology of the Famous Roman Tragedy

Pompeii - Archaeology of the Famous Roman Tragedy Pompeii is arguably the most famous archaeological site in the world. There has never been a site as well preserved, as evocative, or as memorable as that of Pompeii, the luxurious resort for the Roman Empire, which was buried along with its sister cities of Stabiae and Herculaneum under the ash and lava erupted from Mount Vesuvius during the fall of 79 AD. Pompeii is located in the area of Italy known, then as now, as Campania. The vicinity of Pompeii was first occupied during the Middle Neolithic, and by the 6th century BC, it came under the rule of the Etruscans. The citys origins and the original name are unknown, nor are we clear on the sequence of settlers there, but it seems clear that Etruscans, Greeks, Oscans, and Samnites competed to occupy the land prior to the Roman conquest. The Roman occupation began in the 4th century BC, and the town reached its heyday when the Romans turned it into a seaside resort, beginning 81 BC. Pompeii as a Thriving Community At the time of its destruction, Pompeii was a thriving commercial port at the mouth of the Sarno River in southwestern Italy, on the southern flank of Mount Vesuvius. Pompeiis known buildingsand there are many that were preserved under the mud and ashfallinclude a Roman basilica, built ca 130-120 BC, and an amphitheater built circa 80 BC. The forum contained several temples; the streets included hotels, food vendors and other eating places, a purpose-built lupanar, and other brothels, and gardens within the city walls. But probably of most fascination  to us today are the look into private homes, and the eerie negative images of human bodies caught in the eruption: the utter humanness of the tragedy seen at Pompeii. Dating the Eruption and an Eyewitness Romans watched the spectacular eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, many from a safe distance, but one early naturalist named Pliny (the Elder) watched while he helped evacuate refugees on the Roman warships under his charge. Pliny was killed during the eruption, but his nephew (called  Pliny the Younger), watching the eruption from Misenum about 30 kilometers (18 miles) away, survived and wrote about the events in letters that form the basis of our eye-witness knowledge about it. The traditional date of the eruption is August 24th, supposed to have been the date reported in Pliny the Youngers letters, but as early as 1797, the archaeologist Carlo Maria Rosini questioned the date on the basis of the remains of fall fruits he found preserved at the site, such as chestnuts, pomegranates, figs, raisins, and pine cones. A recent study of the distribution of the wind-blown ash at Pompeii (Rolandi and colleagues) also supports a fall date: the patterns shows that prevailing winds blew from a direction most prevalent in the fall. Further, a silver coin found with a victim in Pompeii was struck after September 8th, AD 79. If only Plinys manuscript had survived! Unfortunately, we only have copies. Its possible that a scribal error crept in regarding the date: compiling all the data together, Rolandi and colleagues (2008) propose a date of October 24th for the eruption of the volcano. Archaeology The excavations at Pompeii are an important watershed in the history of archaeology, as it was among the earliest of archaeological excavations, tunneled into by the  Bourbon rulers of Naples and Palermo beginning in the fall of 1738. The Bourbons undertook full-scale excavations in 1748much to the belated distress of modern archaeologists who would have preferred they wait until better techniques were available. Of the many archaeologists associated with Pompeii and Herculaneum are pioneers of the field Karl Weber, Johann-Joachim Winckelmann, and Guiseppe Fiorelli; a team was sent to Pompeii by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who had a  fascination with archaeology and was responsible for the  Rosetta stone  ending up in the British Museum.   Modern research at the site and others affected by the 79 Vesuvian eruption was conducted by the Anglo-American Project in Pompeii, led by Rick Jones at the University of Bradford, with colleagues at Stanford and the University of Oxford. Several field schools were conducted at Pompeii between 1995 and 2006, mostly targeting the section known as Regio VI. Many more sections of the city remain unexcavated, left for future scholars with improved techniques. Pottery at Pompeii Pottery was always an important element of Roman society and it has figured in many of the modern studies of Pompeii. According to recent research (Peà ±a and McCallum 2009), thin-walled pottery tableware and lamps were manufactured elsewhere and brought into the city to sell. Amphorae were used to pack goods such as garum and wine and they too were brought in to Pompeii. That makes Pompeii somewhat anomalous among Roman cities, in that the largest portion of their pottery was produced outside its city walls. A ceramics works called the Via Lepanto was located just outside the walls on the Nuceria-Pompeii road. Grifa and colleagues (2013) report that the workshop was rebuilt after the AD 79 eruption, and continued to produce red-painted and burnished tablewares up until the Vesuvius eruption of 472. The red-slipped tableware called terra sigillata was found in numerous locations in and around Pompeii and using petrographic and elemental trace analysis of 1,089 sherds, McKenzie-Clark (2011) concluded that all but 23 were manufactured in Italy, accounting for 97% of the total investigated. Scarpelli et al. (2014) found that black slips on Vesuvian pottery were made of ferrous materials, consisting of one or more of magnetite, hercynite and/or hematite. Since the closure of the excavations at Pompeii in 2006, researchers have been busy publishing their results. Here are a few of the most recent ones, but there are many others: In Benefiels (2010) study of graffiti on the walls of the House of Maius Castricius is documented several pieces of incised romantic graffiti in different areas of the house. A conversation of 11 graffiti inscribed in a stairwell appears to be a literary and romantic conversation between two individuals. Most of the lines are original romantic poetry or plays on known texts, arranged vertically in two columns. Benefiel says the Latin lines hint at a kind of one-up-man-ship between two or more people.Piovesan and colleagues studied paints and pigments at Pompeiis Temple of Venus, identifying a range of mural colors made from the natural earth, minerals, and a few rare artificial pigmentsblack, yellow, red and brown ochre, cinnabar, Egyptian blue, green earth (mostly celadonite or glauconite) and white calcite.Cova (2015) reports on the alaearchitectural wingsin many houses in the section of Pompeii known as Regio VI, and how the size and shape of the alae may reflect socioeconomic cha nges in the Late Republic/Early Empire period. Miiello et al (2010) investigated construction phases in Regio VI by the variations of mortar. Astrid Lundgren at the University of Oslo published her dissertation on Pompeii in 2014, focusing on male sexuality and prostitution; Severy-Hoven is another scholar investigating the incredible wealth of erotica discovered at Pompeii.Murphy et al. (2013) looked at middens (garbage dumps) and was able to identify evidence that the waste is primarily kitchen food preparation of olives, grapes, figs, cereals, and pulses. However, they found little evidence for crop-processing, suggesting that the food was processed outside of the city before being brought to market. Sources This article is part of the About.com Dictionary of Archaeology: Ball LF, and Dobbins JJ. 2013. Pompeii Forum Project: Current Thinking on the Pompeii Forum. American Journal of Archaeology 117(3):461-492.Benefiel RR. 2010. Dialogues of Ancient Graffiti in the House of Maius Castricius in Pompeii. American Journal of Archaeology 114(1):59-101.Cova E. 2015. Stasis and Change in Roman Domestic Space: The Alae of Pompeiis Regio VI. American Journal of Archaeology 119(1):69-102.Grifa C, De Bonis A, Langella A, Mercurio M, Soricelli G, and Morra V. 2013. A Late Roman ceramic production from Pompeii. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(2):810-826.Lundgren AK. 2014. The Pastime of Venus: An archaeological investigation of male sexuality and protitution in Pompeii. Oslo, Norway: University of Oslo.McKenzie-Clark J. 2012. The supply of Campanian-made sigillata to the city of Pompeii. Archaeometry 54(5):796-820.Miriello D, Barca D, Bloise A, Ciarallo A, Crisci GM, De Rose T, Gattuso C, Gazineo F, and La Russa MF. 2010. Characterisation of archaeological mo rtars from Pompeii (Campania, Italy) and identification of construction phases by compositional data analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(9):2207-2223. Murphy C, Thompson G, and Fuller D. 2013. Roman food refuse: urban archaeobotany in Pompeii, Regio VI, Insula 1. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 22(5):409-419.Peà ±a JT, and McCallum M. 2009. The Production and Distribution of Pottery at Pompeii: A Review of the Evidence; Part 2, The Material Basis for Production and Distribution. American Journal of Archaeology 113(2):165-201.Piovesan R, Siddall R, Mazzoli C, and Nodari L. 2011. The Temple of Venus (Pompeii): a study of the pigments and painting techniques. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(10):2633-2643.Rolandi G, Paone A, Di Lascio M, and Stefani G. 2008. The 79 AD eruption of Somma: The relationship between the date of the eruption and the southeast tephra dispersion. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 169(1–2):87-98.Scarpelli R, Clark RJH, and De Francesco AM. 2014. Archaeometric study of black-coated pottery from Pompeii by different analytical techniques. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Bi omolecular Spectroscopy 120(0):60-66. Senatore MR, Ciarallo A, and Stanley J-D. 2014. Pompeii Damaged by Volcaniclastic Debris Flows Triggered Centuries Prior to the 79 A.D. Vesuvius Eruption. Geoarchaeology 29(1):1-15.Severy-Hoven B. 2012. Master Narratives and the Wall Painting of the House of the Vettii, Pompeii. Gender History 24(3):540-580.Sheldon N. 2014. Dating the 79AD Eruption of Vesuvius: Is 24th August Really the Date? Decoded Past: Accessed 30 July 2016.

The Symposium Reflective Journal Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Symposium Reflective Journal - Term Paper Example Socrates’ speech is one of the latest ones and it is in typical Socrates’ manner – dialogue. Using persuasive arguments Socrates responds to the, previous to his, speech of Agathon asking the man some questions that logically lead them to some crucial conclusions about Eros. Socrates claims, and it sounds really reasonable, that â€Å"Eros is love, first of all, of some things, and secondly, of whatever things the need for which is present to him† (Plat. Sym. 200e). The next following logical arguments that come after this one claim that Eros strives to beauty but it isn’t beautiful itself as it wants only to possess beautiful things. The point seems not really convincible as the concept of love becomes totally vague. The first reason is that if Eros is a kind of love that wants to have beautiful things in its possession and preserve them, then how does it work in real life and where does this Eros exist? What kind of phenomena is this? Retelling hi s dialogue with some woman Diotima, Socrates comes to the conclusion that it turns out that Eros is ugly as far as it strives to possess beauty, and Socrates argues that ugly thing cannot be good (Ibid. 201c). From this point it is impossible for Eros to be a god. Diotima solves the dilemma and answers the question of the essence of Eros. She points out the Eros is â€Å"a great spirit: for the whole of the spiritual is between divine and mortal† (Sym. 202e). The Diotima’s definition of the essence of Eros shows that it is a special force which is a kind of medium between gods and humans, it is a sort of connection between them which also helps people to connect with gods. The Socrates description of Eros becomes logical in connection with the entire doctrine of world view described in Plato’s dialogues. Probably, Eros is the force that connects the world of ideas with the material reality and makes everything in this world to move and

Micro-organisms and Diesease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Micro-organisms and Diesease - Essay Example They are colonial or unicellular. Role- cause disease to organisms. There are also useful plants pathogens that play various roles such as restricting plant distribution, regulating population, increasing/reducing diversity and creating canopy gaps. Direct contact- organisms are transmitted from one individual to another (For instance, when there is the physical contact of closed or open body or through a skin opening, sexual contact and through directly breathing in pathogens from an infected individual). Indirect contact- organism transfers from an object to the other, either an intermediate host or a vector. For instance, the organism can be transferred through contaminated substances like air, soils, feces, equipment and clothing. Penetration areas- skin, sebaceous glands or hair follicles to cause boils and sties or teat canals and lead to staphylococcal mastitis, arthropod bites, conjunctiva, through respiratory tract’s mechanism, microorganisms or urinogenital tract. First, there is the existence of the pathogenic or infectious agents such as fungus, virus, bacterium, protozoa or prion. Microorganisms exit from the reservoir through the skin, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract and blood and across the placenta and take a mode of transmission to the next host. The transmission occurs either indirectly or directly. Infection definition- a process by which bacteria, fungi or other organism enter a host and attach to a cell and multiply. To do this, the organisms should overcome or evade the body’s natural defense at every step; though mostly the infected individual does not get sick. Often not all infections cause illness. Treatment- tests for the diagnosis including Chest X-ray, Mantoux skin test, QuantiFERON-TB Gold test and sputum testing and treatment should be done outside the hospital and takes long because the disease organism grows and die

Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example The paper will also outline some of the factors that can compel the organizations to adopt an initiative to change their cultures. The main part of the paper will discuss the conditions that ought to be created by the management in order to support cultural change in their respective organizations. A summary of the main points discussed will be drawn at the end of the paper. â€Å"Organizations are able to operate efficiently only when shared values exist among the employees,† (Ivancevich, Konopake & Matteson (2011, p. 36)). Values are regarded as conscious desires or wants of people that guide their behaviour on and off the job. Values that are shape the culture of the organization help the individuals to behave in a consistent manner across different situations. Values are also related to the society’s ideas of what is wrong and right. It is widely believed that an employee’s behaviour and performance in an organisation are shaped by its culture (Patterson et a l, (1998). Schultz (2003) also concurs with this notion of culture when he states that the behaviour of employees in an organization is significantly impacted by its culture. Basically, organisational culture refers to a system of shared assumptions held by the employees in the organization and these assumptions distinguish one organization from the other (Werner, 2003). The culture of a given organization shapes the behaviour of the employees and it also helps them to identify with their company. As noted above, the culture of an organization is deeply entrenched in its operations such that it becomes difficult to easily change. Basically, â€Å"organizational culture is the philosophy spirit of organization; it is the foundation stone of organization development (Xiaojuan, n.d).† in certain circumstances, it may be necessary to change the culture of the organization especially if it has been threatened with negative aspects such as collapse of the company. Change refers to a transition from a current situation or the status quo to the desired future state (Amos et al, 2008). Change is usually necessitated by both internal and external forces. For instance, the evidence suggests that cultural change is most likely to take place when there has been a dramatic crisis that undermines the current status quo and calls into question the relevance of the current culture (Robbins, 1993). In certain instances, weak cultures are more amenable to change than strong ones given that there will be consensus among all people involved that certain changes ought to be implemented in the culture of the organization in order to turn around its fortunes. When the need to change the culture of the organization has arisen, there are certain measures that ought to be taken into account by the management in order to achieve change in the organization’s culture. â€Å"Look at the numbers and develop ways of improving the positive scores and addressing the negative ones ,† (Sinickas, 2006, 112). The critical success factor of using the strategy is to pick the important aspects that make the organization unique and try to implement them in the operations of the organization. It is imperative to have top management to act as positive role models. These people are influential in the organization such that they can set the tone through their behaviour. In most cases, managers who lead by example are likely to positively influence the behaviour of

(Optional) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

(Optional) - Research Paper Example Despite the billions of dollars infused in federal stimulus bills such as the JOBS (Jumpstart our Business Startups) Act, the economy is still in fragile health; even the Federal Reserve Bank has employed all the monetary tools at its disposal to revive the economy, such as a continuing a low-interest rate regime and the use of quantitative easing programs to pump more money into the economic system. The American economy is one of the largest in the world but its main foreign market of Europe is in a financial and banking crisis itself. In other words, there is no hope for most American firms to export their way out of the recession, as the global economy is also weak. The United States of America is also facing various financial crises, such as in the retirement savings system which saw 401k savings accounts wiped out by the collapse of stock markets. Demand is also weak, as consumer spending is adversely affected by the loss of confidence. This paper examines a vital sector of the United States economy, the housing sector. It is a vital component of the construction industry, which is a major driver of the domestic economy. Construction, in particular residential housing is a substantial contributor to jobs, investments, and income levels as it employs a good number of workers. The housing sector is not fully recovered from the housing bubble, in which prices grew so fast but collapsed. Discussion America is an industrialized country, and so its economy is largely dependent on the many industries comprising its national economy. An example is the automobile industry that is a major component of the overall manufacturing sector. In this regard, the housing industry is also a major component of the construction industry. New housing construction is a closely-watched economic indicator because it reflects the health of the United States economy. Home building (private housing starts) is a good barometer of industrial domestic production. If people have stable an d well-paying jobs, and they also have confidence in the future, then it follows more people will invest and buy new homes to build their families. The housing sector had been one of the worst-hit in the recession which followed the bursting of the economic bubble in housing prices. As stated earlier, house prices rose fast in the past few years immediately preceding the crisis; the bubble was caused by speculation. The Federal Reserved Board and its economists missed the bubble, arguing it is very hard to detect as it is developing because it is no different from any ordinary economic growth. But in hindsight, there were many warning signs which were missed which could have triggered the corrective actions needed for a â€Å"soft landing† in which prices will go down gradually instead of a sudden bursting where the prices of residential homes deflated from pricey levels. A housing bubble occurs when the prices of homes diverge markedly from their basic or intrinsic values, t he price at which a house should be worth and not on its market price as it becomes subject to speculation. The housing sector has not recovered fully from this bubble as many home mortgages had been foreclosed and most house prices had fallen below their loan value. In other words, homeowners are mostly underwater, in the sense they now owe the banks a larger loan amount than what their houses are worth on the market. This has a bad dampening effect on housing demand, although there are now a few encouraging signs.

Assignment on human growth and development

Assignment on human growth and development This essay uses theoretical perspectives of social sciences relevant to human growth and development by demonstrating the socialisation process and the impact of family structures on the normal development of Gerry. It uses the Maslows hierarchy of needs to explore the effects of poverty on Gerrys infancy and it will use Balter, Catherin Tamis-Lemonda to support Maslows philosophy needs. Furthermore it will go on to use Bowlbys maternal deprivation hypothesis to show the effects of attachment during Gerrys infancy. More still with the use of Eriksons stages of identity versus role confusion to discuss Gerrys adolescence, the theory of generativity versus stagnation to explore his adulthood developmental task of his contributing and stagnation to society and finally the psychological crisis of ego integrity verses despair to explain the effects and causes during his development in middle adulthood. However, other psychologists theories will be used to support Eriksons theories or cri tic them. During his infancy, 0-2 years by Piaget (1936) (cited in Crawford and Walker 2009 p 22), Gerry and his family experienced poverty because his father had been made redundant. This means that Gerrys family could not afford to meet his basic needs. According to Maslows pyramedical model (1970) ( cited Steers 1998: p21 ) lower -level needs such as food, clothing and shelter have to be fulfilled to a reasonable degree before the more advanced need levels such as self actualisation, esteem, love/ belonging ,and safety are met. It can be argued that the failure of Gerrys family to meet his basic needs had a profound effect on his development. This argument is supported by Balter, Catherin Tamis- Lemonda. They argue that children growing up in poverty develop developmental delays in intellectual development. Social, emotional and behavioural problems (Balter, Catherin Tamis- Lemonda 2003: p.391) (cited Chafel, 1993 and Garbarino, 1993). Poverty goes hand in hand with gross inequality, unemployment and adverse consequences for poor people and society as a whole. Deprivation experienced by poor families affects their quality of life, their health and life expectancy and the education outcomes of their children. Poverty brings despair and fear Rebach and Bruhn (2001: p. 369). This argument is supported by Spode and Saracho, (2006) (cited in Duncan and Brook-Gunn, 1997), who say that children growing up in poverty develop more emotional and behavioural problems than children who live in above the poverty line. This is because early cognitive and behavioural outcomes show to predict later school success. Another challenge that Gerry encountered was maternal deprivation. This occurred when his mother was in hospital during the birth of Lily and as a result, Gerry had to be looked after by his grandmother. According to Bowlbys (1953, 1969) (cited in Smith, Cowe and Blades 2004 p106) maternal deprivation hypothesis, children should not be deprived of contact with the mother during a critical period when the primary attachment relationship is being formed. He also believed that both mother and baby were predisposed biologically to stay in contact and only this relationship would allow normal development. However, critiques of Bowlby like (Oakley 1981) (cited in Holmes 1993: p. 45) argue that to generalise that any separation of mother from child in the first three years of life is likely to be damaging is unwarranted. Oakley further argued that there is no harm in entrusting the infant to the care of a responsible grandmother or baby-minder. However, Archer (1992: p.32) states that Hinde and his colleagues studied the effects of shorter periods of separation from a mother on later behaviour in young rhesus monkeys. The outcomes from the studies indicated by the infants experienced mild disturbance and frustrating situations. It can then be argued that Bowlbys maternal deprivation hypotheses is better placed in explaining what Gerry went through during his separation from his mother. Another challenge that Gerry faced in his infancy was siblings rivalry. This took place at the arrival of the new born Lily. Dun (1993) (cited in Shaffer 2009; .p 388) argues that after a new baby arrives, mothers typically devote less warm and playful attention to the older child, who may respond to this perceived neglect by becoming difficult, disruptive and less securely attached. This results into a spirit of completion, jealousy or resentment between siblings. It can then be argued that the birth of Lily when Gerry was barely two years old might have left Gerry feeling neglected and unwanted because his mother had to give her attention to the new born Lily. Furthermore, Gerry experienced a long-term effect of the extreme war-related trauma which led him to suffer greater emotional difficulties and environmental distress in life. On top of that he experienced more stress when he moved homes from a familiar environment and away from his peers. According to (Bell et al 1990 and Giffoed 1994) (cited in Bell, Greene, Fisher and Baum. 2001), it is augured that environmental distress examines the relationship between the person and his physical environment. More still, Main at al (1985) also adds that the adolescent can become disorganised and disoriented by the loss and trauma if the traumatic experience is not resolved. It can be argued that the war had a profound psychological effect on his development as a 12 year old boy by 1945. Another issue in Gerrys adolescence was lack of positive attitude towards education in school although he changed this attitude while in the army and even chose to pursue an engineering career. This is because Gerry had grown up in an environment where most people worked in the factories and had low levels of education; he believed that his destiny was to work as a factory labourer since he had no environmental support especially from his father that inspired him to pursue education higher. According to Piagets (1984) (cited in van wormer, Besthorn and Keefe 2007) theory of cognitive development, school related concerns about intelligence, achievements and behaviour of learning are accumulated gradually as a function of environmental support. The Social Learning theory posits that children learn and model their social and cognitive behaviour by observing and imitating adults in their environment (Bandura, 1971). Therefore it can be argued that Gerry did not like education because he had no role model. However, it is notable the time Gerry was about to leave the military school, he was faced with the challenge of knowing who he was and what he was going to be upon returning to the community. Having been born in a poor, uneducated family and neighbourhood, it was time for him to ponder whether to remain as he was in his community or to independently identify himself. According to Erikson (1975)s psychosocial development, it appears that Gerry was faced with a stage of identity versus role confusion where adolescents redefine themselves. It should also be noted that events that happened in Gerrys adolescence seemed to have had a more buffering and compensatory effect than his depriving earlier experiences (Bowlby, 1988). The army offered him the opportunity to learn the engineering trade and one could argue that he may have found replacement experiences in form of role models and focus on career direction which prompted him to stay on even after the national service. At this stage, Gerry realised that he did not have any qualification and because of that, life would be difficult for him upon return to civilian life. However critics of the psychosocial model argue that Eriksons findings were based on clinical observations and his work lack ecological validity or statistical analyses. Although critics do hold such opinions, Rutter, (2003) points out that research results strongly support his notion on basic trust, identity, intimate relationship and the developmental crises. (Rutter, 1993 cited in Ewen, 2003). It can be argued that Gerrys identity versus role confusion was resolved by the army by offering him the opportunity to study engineering. Between the age of 40-65 by Havinghurst cited Karin and Walker, (2009, p 98) Gerry was in his middle adulthood, he faced a life with triviality, stagnation, and decline due to the detachment that happened to him during his infancy. According to Bowlbys, (1969, p. 194) attachment theory, he says that early experience in childhood has an important influence on the development and behaviour later in life and an evolutionary component; The propensity to make strong emotional bonds to particular individuals is a basic component of human nature. However Hazen and Shaver, (1987) argue that the pattern established in childhood has no impact on later relationships. More to the above, Feeney and Noller (1993) say if a child experiences avoidant attachment during infancy, as adults, they will tend to have difficulty with intimacy and close relationships. Such people do not put quality time in relationships, are not bothered when they end and normally avoid intimacy by using excuses (such as long work hours), or may fantasize about other people during sex. Their research also holds that adults with an avoidant attachment style are more accepting and likely to engage in casual sex. However Wagner (1987) argues that an adult should not be blamed for the attachment styles formed in infancy, because what ever happened during that time is not necessarily identical to that demonstrated in adult romantic-attachment. This is because a great deal of time that has gone by between infancy and adulthood. Therefore intervening experiences have played a big role in Gerrys attachment styles. Those described as ambivalent or avoidant in infancy can become securely attached as an adult. More to the above he had little to do with his parents especially his father and neither did he have a good relationship with his son. This was because during Gerrys infancy he missed out on the father-son relationship, therefore one can assume he did not get proper supervision during his adolescence and less bonding with his father hence made him have poor parenting skills. According to Banduras (1971) social-cognitive learning theory, he says behaviour is learned through observation and imitation. However, Watson and Skinners (1920) theories of classical and operant conditioning disagree with Bandura by saying that all behaviour is learned as a response to external stimuli or environment. The classical occurs when an organism learns to respond in a particular way and the stimulus does not evoke that type of response and with the operant conditioning, an organism learns through rewards and punishments. It can then be argued that Banduras social-cognitive learning theory better placed Gerrys learning of behaviour. At the age of 51 Gerry should have been looking back at in his memories and feeling fulfilled with his life, but he was faced with depression and found it hard to accept the death of his mother and father even if he did not get on well with them, the loss of relationship with his son and partners. According to Erikson, achieving a sense of integrity means fully accepting oneself, ones accomplishments, and coming to terms with mortality. Accepting responsibility for your life and being able to undo the past and achieve satisfaction with self is essential. On the other hand, Gerry may have looked back at his life with a sense of doubt or gloom over the lifes worth, hence resulting in a feeling of despair. This led to Gerry not being compassionate, more reflective and judicious, thus less tyrannized by his inner conflict and external demands. More still it is seen that Gerry had a number of loses in life and less love for others, like Edina, Elizbieta and his son Emo, retired on heath grounds. All in all, Gerrys early life has been extremely disrupted; he has had two care placements in total as well as many changes of caretakers during his first year. Evidently Gerry did not have a strong sense of bonding with his family and did not have the opportunity to develop a secure attachment during his infancy and childhood. During his middle adulthood he tried to develop an attachment when he got engaged and married to Edina, but due to his effects of separation during his infancy and childhood his internal working model is of mistrust. This led him to be promiscuous. Poverty goes hand in hand with gross inequality, unemployment and adverse consequences for poor people and society as a whole. Deprivation experienced by Gerrys family affected his quality of life, health and life expectancy and his education outcomes it also caused him despair and fear.